It is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system and its components , process or the physiological functioning of the immune system. It contains two types of components which plays the vital role in the immune system.
They are IMMUNOGLOBULINS- These are known as antibodies which are glycoprotein produced by plasma cells.
ANTIGENS- Which substance that stimulate the body to make an immune response against foreign particles.
TYPES OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-
- IgA- It is found in blood, mucos membrane. Mucos is present only in the innerside of any passage our body where any bacteria can be trapped easily. Sweat and mother milk also contains IgA.It is about 15% in the body.
- IgG- It is the smallest antibody, it can cross placenta.
- IgE- it plays an important role in an allergic reaction. When a person gets contact with any pollen grain then it goes inside the body and produces IgE which is going to bind with a mast cell then it secretes histamine which creates some distrubances in our body and specifically it affects on the blood vessels which gets swellup.
- IgM- It is the largest antibody which can receive the site of an infection and stimulates all the macrophages, neutrophils, B-cells for putting an action towards this particular site.
- IgD- They are found on the B-cells as a receptor site.
ANTIGENS- these are like nameplates, our own body can easily recognize our own antigens so that it does not harm to those antigens but it can be stimulated itself by the contact of foreign particles. Example- pollen, bacteria, parasitic worms and viruses.
