PHYSICAL MEANING OF FOURIER TRANSFORM
According to Classical Mechanics, Hamiltonian is the function of position and momentum . So we can describe motion of classical particles
in position and momentum space i.e. PHASE SPACE .
The path followed by a particle in phase space is known as PHASE TRAJECTORY .
But in Quantum Mechanics , the concept of PHASE SPACE is not valid due to uncertainty principle i.e. both position and momentum can’t be calculated simultaneously . So we can describe motion of particle in position space and momentum space separately .
If we know the motion of particle in position space then we can describe it in momentum space using FOURIER TRANSFORM .
Let f(t) is function defined in position space for all values of t , then using Fourier Transform we can get it in momentum space i.e.
Also , we can return back from momentum space to position space using FOURIER INVERSE TRANSFORM .
- Fourier Transform of Gaussian functions is itself a Gaussian . So uncertainty product is minimum for Gaussian functions .
- Fourier Transform of Dirac Delta function is a plane wave . So it can verify uncertainty principle .
- When we throw a particle from one place to another in position space or in classical world , we see that it changes its position only , but in momentum space or in quantum world , we see that the particle is associated with a number of waves .
- Using Fourier Transform , we can also solve some differential equations like heat equation , wave equation , etc .
(Lecturer in Physics)