Menstrual Cycle

Introduction:-
• Menstrual cycle is a periodic discharge of blood, mucus and cellular debris from the uterine walls as well as ovum during reproductive life of a woman.
• The cycle lasts for about 28 days .
• Menstruation starts at the age of 12-13 years and lasts up to 40-45 years when the reproductive capacity of women ceases (menopause).
• It is absent during pregnancy.

It involves the following phases:-

1. Menstrual phase:-
1. It is from 1st to 5th day.
2. During this period the endometrial lining of the uterus is slouged off causing discharge of blood and broken tissue.
2. Post menstrual phase:-
• From 6th to 13th or 14th day.
• It is the period between the end of menses and ovulation.
• This phase is marked by repair and proliferation of endometrial lining of the uterus under the influence of oestrogen hormone.
• Growing and maturation of Graafian follicle occur inside the ovary.
3. Ovulation:-
• On the 14th day the ovum is released by the rupture of Graafian follicle in the ovary Called ovulation under the control of luteinising hormone.
4. Premenstrual phase:-

• This phase marks the end of the menstrual cycle.
• During this period cell of the ruptured Graafian follicle from corpus luteum. It secretes progesterone hormone.
• The Corpus luteum degenerates into a white mass called corpus albicans.
• If the ovum is not fertilized it passes out along with endometrial tissues as menstrual flow.
• This phase is also called luteal phase. It also called progesterone phase or secretory phase.

PRESENTED BY:-Jyotshnashree Mohanty